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"Polish death camp" controversy
''Polish death camp'' and ''Polish concentration camp'' are terms that have been used in international media, and by public figures, in reference to concentration camps built and run by Nazi Germany in the General Government and other parts of occupied Poland during the Holocaust. The use of these terms has been described as insulting by the Polish foreign minister Adam Daniel Rotfeld (himself a Jewish Holocaust survivor) in 2005, who also alleged that – intentionally or unintentionally – it shifted the responsibility for the construction or operation of the camps from the German to the Polish people. The use of these terms, explicitly mentioning "Poland" or "Polish", has been discouraged by the Polish and Israeli governments, Polish diaspora organizations around the world, and Jewish organizations such as the American Jewish Committee.
==Historical context==
After the German invasion of Poland, unlike in most European countries occupied by Nazi Germany, where the Germans sought and found true collaborators among the locals, in occupied Poland there was no official collaboration either at the political or at the economic level.〔Carla Tonini, ''The Polish underground press and the issue of collaboration with the Nazi occupiers, 1939-1944'', European Review of History: Revue Europeenne d'Histoire, Volume 15, Issue 2 April 2008, pages 193-205.〕〔Klaus-Peter Friedrich. ( Collaboration in a "Land without a Quisling": Patterns of Cooperation with the Nazi German Occupation Regime in Poland during World War II. ) Slavic Review, Vol. 64, No. 4, (Winter, 2005), pp. 711-746.〕 Poland never officially surrendered to the Germans and instead, maintained a government-in-exile along with its own military force abroad fighting against them. Historians generally agree that there was little collaboration with the Nazis by individual Poles in comparison with other German-occupied countries.〔Carla Tonini, ''The Polish underground press and the issue of collaboration with the Nazi occupiers, 1939-1944'', European Review of History: Revue Europeenne d'Histoire, Volume 15, Issue 2 April 2008 , pages 193 - 205〕〔Klaus-Peter Friedrich. ''Collaboration in a "Land without a Quisling": Patterns of Cooperation with the Nazi German Occupation Regime in Poland during World War II.'' Slavic Review, Vol. 64, No. 4, (Winter, 2005), pp. 711-746. (JSTOR )〕〔John Connelly, ''Why the Poles Collaborated so Little: And Why That Is No Reason for Nationalist Hubris'', Slavic Review, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Winter, 2005), pp. 771-781, (JSTOR )〕
The prewar Polish government and administration were able to partially evacuate to France and United Kingdom in 1939 to continue their struggle against the Nazis from the West, with a formal Polish Army quickly rebuilt. The Polish government based in Paris (until 1940) and in London thereafter, was represented in the occupied territories by a vast structure of the Polish Underground State, and its military arm, Armia Krajowa. The AK formed the major part of the Polish resistance movement, which was the largest resistance movement in occupied Europe, engaged in fighting the occupiers.
A large part of the former territory of the invaded Second Polish Republic was ostensibly annexed by the Third Reich and another part used to create the so-called General Government with the total German administration. The General Government had no international recognition of any kind. The territories administered by the Nazis were never in whole nor in part intended as a Polish state within a German-dominated Europe either. The ethnic Poles were not allowed to become Reich citizens. The Nazi claim that the Polish state ceased to exist was blatantly false, because Poland's legislative or executive agencies along with Poland's constitution kept functioning in form and fact through occupation until the end of the war.〔Majer, Diemut (1981). ''( Non-Germans under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe with Special Regard to Occupied Poland. )'' Harold Bold Verlag, p. 256 (236–237 reprint, Johns Hopkins University Press 2003). 〕
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